Lokacin da yazo ga kayan haɓakawa, silicone babu shakka batu ne mai zafi. Silicone wani nau'i ne na kayan polymer wanda ya ƙunshi silicon, carbon, hydrogen da oxygen. Ya bambanta sosai da kayan silicon inorganic kuma yana nuna kyakkyawan aiki a fagage da yawa. Bari mu yi zurfin duba halaye, gano tsari da aikace-aikace shugabanci na silicone.
Bambance-bambance tsakanin silicone da silicon inorganic silicon:
Na farko, akwai bambance-bambance a bayyane a cikin tsarin sinadarai tsakanin silicone da siliki na inorganic. Silicone wani abu ne na polymer wanda ya ƙunshi silicon da carbon, hydrogen, oxygen da sauran abubuwa, yayin da silicon inorganic galibi yana nufin mahaɗan inorganic da silicon da oxygen suka samar, kamar silicon dioxide (SiO2). Tsarin tushen carbon na silicone yana ba shi elasticity da filastik, yana sa ya fi sauƙi a aikace-aikace. Saboda sifofin tsarin kwayoyin halitta na silicone, wato, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwar Si-O bond (444J / mol) ya fi na CC bond (339J / mol), kayan silicone suna da tsayayyar zafi fiye da mahaɗin polymer na gaba ɗaya.
Gano silicone:
Ana iya gano gano silicone a farkon karni na 20. A zamanin farko, masana kimiyya sun sami nasarar haɗa silicone ta hanyar shigar da ƙungiyoyin kwayoyin halitta a cikin mahadi na silicon. Wannan binciken ya buɗe sabon zamani na kayan silicone kuma ya aza harsashi don aikace-aikacensa mai yawa a masana'antu da kimiyya. Haɗin kai da haɓakar silicone sun sami babban ci gaba a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, suna haɓaka ci gaba da haɓakawa da haɓaka wannan abu.
Silicone gama-gari:
Silicones wani nau'i ne na mahadi na polymer wanda aka yadu a cikin yanayi da haɗin gwiwar wucin gadi, gami da nau'o'i da sifofi daban-daban. Waɗannan su ne wasu misalan silicones na gama gari:
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS): PDMS wani nau'in elastomer na silicone ne na yau da kullun, wanda aka fi samu a cikin roba na silicone. Yana da kyakkyawan sassauci da kwanciyar hankali mai zafi, kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin shirye-shiryen samfuran roba, na'urorin likitanci, man shafawa, da dai sauransu.
Silicone man: Silicone man siliki ne mikakke silicone fili tare da low surface tashin hankali da kyau high zafin jiki juriya. Yawanci ana amfani da su a cikin man shafawa, samfuran kula da fata, na'urorin likitanci da sauran fannoni.
Silicone Resin: Silicone resin abu ne na polymer wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin silicic acid tare da kyakkyawan juriya na zafi da kaddarorin wutar lantarki. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin sutura, adhesives, marufi na lantarki, da dai sauransu.
Silicone Rubber: Silicone Rubber abu ne mai kama da siliki tare da juriya mai zafi, juriya na yanayi, rufin lantarki da sauran kaddarorin. Ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin zoben rufewa, hannayen riga na USB da sauran filayen.
Waɗannan misalan suna nuna bambancin silicones. Suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannoni daban-daban kuma suna da aikace-aikace masu yawa daga masana'antu zuwa rayuwar yau da kullum. Wannan kuma yana nuna nau'ikan nau'ikan silicones azaman kayan aiki mai girma.
Amfanin Ayyuka
Idan aka kwatanta da mahaɗin sarkar carbon na yau da kullun, organosiloxane (Polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) yana da wasu fa'idodin ayyuka na musamman, wanda ya sa ya nuna kyakkyawan aiki a aikace-aikace da yawa. Wadannan su ne wasu fa'idodin aikin organosiloxane akan mahaɗin sarkar carbon na yau da kullun:
Babban juriya na zafin jiki: Organosiloxane yana da kyakkyawan juriya na zafin jiki. Tsarin silicon-oxygen bond yana sa organosiloxanes ya tsaya a babban yanayin zafi kuma ba sauƙin bazuwa ba, wanda ke ba da fa'ida don aikace-aikacen sa a cikin yanayin yanayin zafi. Sabanin haka, yawancin mahadin sarkar carbon gama gari na iya lalacewa ko rasa aiki a yanayin zafi mai girma.
Ƙananan tashin hankali: Organosiloxane yana nuna ƙananan tashin hankali, wanda ya sa ya zama mai kyau wettability da lubricity. Wannan kadarar ta sa man siliki (nau'i na organosiloxane) ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin kayan shafawa, samfuran kula da fata da na'urorin likitanci.
Sassauci da elasticity: Tsarin kwayoyin halitta na organosiloxane yana ba shi kyakkyawan sassauci da elasticity, yana sa ya zama kyakkyawan zaɓi don shirya roba da kayan roba. Wannan ya sa silicone roba yi da kyau a cikin shirye-shiryen sealing zobba, na roba sassa, da dai sauransu.
Lantarki na lantarki: Organosiloxane yana nuna kyawawan kaddarorin wutar lantarki, wanda ya sa ana amfani da shi sosai a filin lantarki. Ana amfani da resin silicone (nau'i na siloxane) sau da yawa a cikin kayan marufi na lantarki don samar da rufin lantarki da kare abubuwan lantarki.
Biocompatibility: Organosiloxane yana da babban dacewa tare da kyallen jikin halitta don haka ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin na'urorin likitanci da filayen ilimin halitta. Misali, ana amfani da robar silicone sau da yawa don shirya silicone na likita don gabobin wucin gadi, catheters na likita, da sauransu.
Kwanciyar hankali: Organosiloxanes suna nuna babban kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai da kuma juriya mai kyau ga sunadarai da yawa. Wannan yana ba da damar aikace-aikacensa a cikin masana'antar sinadarai don fadadawa, kamar don shirya tankunan sinadarai, bututu da kayan rufewa.
Gabaɗaya, organosiloxanes suna da kaddarorin daban-daban fiye da mahaɗin sarkar carbon na yau da kullun, wanda ke ba su damar taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannoni da yawa kamar lubrication, rufewa, likitanci da na lantarki.
Hanyar shiri na organosilicon monomers
Hanyar kai tsaye: Haɗa kayan organosilicon ta hanyar amsa siliki kai tsaye tare da mahaɗan kwayoyin halitta.
Hanyar kai tsaye: Shirya organosilicon ta hanyar fatattaka, polymerization da sauran halayen mahadi na silicon.
Hanyar polymerization na Hydrolysis: Shirya organosilicon ta hanyar hydrolysis polymerization na silanol ko barasa silane.
Hanyar copolymerization gradient: Haɗa kayan organosilicon tare da ƙayyadaddun kaddarorin ta hanyar haɓakar gradient copolymerization. ,
Organosilicon kasuwar Trend
Haɓaka buƙatu a cikin manyan fasahohin fasaha: Tare da saurin haɓaka masana'antu na fasaha, buƙatun organosilicon tare da kyawawan kaddarorin kamar babban juriya na zafin jiki, juriya na lalata da murfin lantarki yana ƙaruwa.
Fadada kasuwar na'urorin likitanci: Aikace-aikacen silicone a cikin masana'antar na'urorin likitanci yana ci gaba da faɗaɗa, kuma haɗe tare da daidaitawa, yana kawo sabbin damammaki a fagen na'urorin likitanci.
Ci gaba mai dorewa: Inganta wayar da kan muhalli yana haɓaka binciken hanyoyin shirye-shiryen kore na kayan silicone, irin su silicone mai lalacewa, don samun ci gaba mai dorewa.
Binciko sabbin filayen aikace-aikacen: Sabbin filayen aikace-aikacen suna ci gaba da fitowa, irin su na'urorin lantarki masu sassauƙa, na'urorin optoelectronic, da sauransu, don haɓaka ƙima da faɗaɗa kasuwar siliki.
Jagoran ci gaban gaba da kalubale
Bincike da haɓaka silicone mai aiki:Dangane da bukatun masana'antu daban-daban, silicone zai fi mayar da hankali ga ci gaban ayyuka a nan gaba, irin su kayan aikin silicone masu aiki, ciki har da kaddarorin musamman irin su antibacterial da conductive Properties.
Bincike akan silicone mai lalacewa:Tare da haɓaka wayar da kan muhalli, bincike kan abubuwan silicone masu lalata za su zama muhimmin alkiblar ci gaba.
Aikace-aikacen nano silicone: Yin amfani da nanotechnology, bincike kan shirye-shirye da aikace-aikacen nano silicone don fadada aikace-aikacensa a cikin manyan fasahohin fasaha.
Greening hanyoyin shirye-shirye: Don hanyoyin shirye-shiryen silicone, za a biya ƙarin hankali ga hanyoyin fasaha na kore da muhalli a nan gaba don rage tasirin yanayi.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-15-2024