Fatar PVC (fatar wucin gadi ta polyvinyl chloride) wani abu ne mai kama da fata wanda aka yi shi daga resin polyvinyl chloride (PVC), tare da ƙari na abubuwan da ke aiki kamar su filastik da stabilizers, ta hanyar sutura, calending, ko lamination. Mai zuwa shine cikakken bincike na ma'anarsa, guba, da tsarin samarwa:
I. Ma'anar da Tsarin Fata na PVC
1. Basic Haɗin
Tushe Layer: Yawanci masana'anta saƙa ko saƙa, yana ba da tallafin injina.
Matsakaicin Layer: Fayil ɗin PVC mai kumfa mai ɗauke da robobi da masu yin kumfa, yana ba da elasticity da laushi.
Layer Layer: Rufin guduro na PVC, wanda za'a iya sanya shi don ƙirƙirar nau'in fata kuma yana iya ƙunsar jiyya mai jurewa da ƙazanta.
Wasu samfuran kuma sun haɗa da maɗaurin polyurethane (PU) ko babban riga mai jure lalacewa don ingantaccen aiki.
2. Babban Halayen
Abubuwan Jiki: Juriya na Hydrolysis, juriya abrasion (sauƙaƙe har zuwa sau 30,000 zuwa sau 100,000), da jinkirin harshen wuta (jin B1).
Iyakan aiki: Rashin ƙarancin numfashi (ƙasa da fata na PU), mai yuwuwa ga taurare a ƙananan yanayin zafi, da yuwuwar sakin filastik tare da amfani na dogon lokaci.
2. Rigima mai guba da ka'idojin aminci na fata na PVC
Maɓuɓɓuga masu yuwuwar guba
1. Additives masu cutarwa
Plasticizers (plasticizers): phthalates na al'ada (irin su DOP) na iya zubar da su kuma su tsoma baki tare da tsarin endocrin, musamman ma lokacin da aka fallasa su ga mai ko yanayin zafi.
Matsakaicin ƙarfe mai nauyi: Masu daidaitawa da ke ɗauke da gubar da cadmium na iya ƙaura zuwa jikin ɗan adam, kuma tarin dogon lokaci na iya lalata koda da tsarin juyayi.
Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM): Ragowar VCM a cikin samarwa shine mai ƙarfi carcinogen.
2. Hatsarin muhalli da sharar gida
Dioxins da sauran abubuwa masu guba suna fitowa yayin ƙonawa; karafa masu nauyi suna kutsawa cikin kasa da hanyoyin ruwa bayan cikar kasa.
Sake yin amfani da su yana da wahala, kuma galibinsu suna zama masu gurɓata yanayi.
Matsayin Tsaro da Matakan Kariya
Ma'auni na tilas na kasar Sin GB 21550-2008 yana iyakance iyakacin abun ciki na abubuwa masu haɗari:
Vinyl chloride monomer: ≤5 mg/kg
gubar mai narkewa: ≤90 mg/kg | Cadmium mai narkewa: ≤75 mg/kg
Sauran marasa ƙarfi: ≤20 g/m²
Fatar PVC wacce ta dace da wannan ma'auni (kamar ƙirar gubar- da mara amfani da cadmium, ko yin amfani da man waken soya mai lalacewa maimakon DOP) yana da ƙarancin haɗari. Koyaya, aikinta na muhalli har yanzu yana ƙasa da madadin kayan kamar PU fata da TPU.
Shawarwari na Siyarwa: Nemo takaddun shaida na muhalli (kamar FloorScore da GREENGUARD) kuma ku guji amfani da zafin jiki mai zafi (> 60°C) da tuntuɓar abinci mai mai.
III. Tsarin Samar da Fata na PVC
Mahimmin Tsari
1. Raw Material Shiri
Surface Layer Slurry: PVC resin + plasticizer (kamar DOP) + stabilizer (tsarin da ba shi da gubar) + mai launi.
Kumfa Layer Slurry: Ƙara wakili mai busawa (kamar azodicarbonamide) da kuma abin da aka gyara (kamar attapulgite don inganta juriyar yanayi).
2. Tsarin Molding
Hanyar Rufa (Tsarin Babba):
Rufe takarda da aka saki tare da shimfidar wuri na slurry (bushewa a 170-190 ° C) → Aiwatar da murfin kumfa na slurry → Laminate tare da masana'anta na tushe (polyurethane bonding) → Cire takardar saki → Aiwatar da wakili mai kula da saman tare da abin nadi.
Hanyar Kalanda:
Ana fitar da cakudawar resin ta hanyar dunƙule (125-175 ° C) → Sheeted akan calender (zazzabi na abin nadi 165-180 ° C) → An matsa zafi tare da masana'anta na tushe.
Kumfa da Bayan sarrafa:
Tanderun kumfa yana amfani da matakan sarrafa zafin jiki (110-195 ° C) a gudun 15-25 m/min don ƙirƙirar tsarin microporous.
Embossing (kwance mai gefe biyu) da jiyya na UV na sama suna haɓaka ji da juriya.
Ƙirƙirar Tsari Mai Kyau na Muhalli
Alternative Materials: Ana amfani da man waken soya na Epoxidized da polyester plasticizers don maye gurbin phthalates.
Canjin ceton makamashi: Fasahar lamination mai gefe guda biyu tana rage yawan kuzari da kashi 30%; Ma'aikatan jiyya na tushen ruwa suna maye gurbin suturar tushen ƙarfi.
- Gyaran aiki: Ƙara ions na azurfa (antibacterial), yumbu da aka gyara (inganta ƙarfi da juriya na tsufa).
IV. Takaitawa: Aikace-aikace da abubuwan da ke faruwa
Wuraren aikace-aikacen: kayan ciki na mota (kujeru), suturar kayan ɗaki, takalma (mafi girman wasanni), jakunkuna, da sauransu.
Hanyoyin masana'antu:
Ƙuntataccen manufofin kare muhalli (irin su ƙuntatawa na PVC na EU), fata TPU/microfiber a hankali ya maye gurbin tsakiyar-zuwa-ƙarshen kasuwa.
An aiwatar da "Ƙa'idodin Fasaha don Ƙimar Ƙirar Ƙira ta Green" (T/GMPA 14-2023) a kasar Sin don inganta haɓakar kare muhalli na samfurori kamar PVC fata na bene.
Ƙarshe mai mahimmanci: Za a iya amfani da fata na PVC a amince da dacewa da ƙa'idodin aminci, amma haɗarin gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu a cikin hanyoyin samarwa / sharar gida har yanzu yana wanzu. An fi son samfuran da aka tabbatar da muhalli ba tare da ƙarfe masu nauyi da phthalates ba, kuma an biya hankali ga canjin masana'antu zuwa kayan tushen PU/bio.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-29-2025
