Ruwa resistant na halitta abin toshe kwalaba masana'anta m abin toshe kwalaba yadudduka ga mata takalma da jakunkuna

Itacen ƙwanƙwasa mai laushi (wanda ake kira itacen oak a waje) yana da wuyar daidaitawa ga yanayin sanyi mai zafi da yanayin zafi. Gabaɗaya yana girma a cikin dazuzzukan tsaunuka a tsayin mita 400-2000 a cikin yankuna masu zafi da yanayin yanayi. A cikin kewayon digiri na 32 zuwa 35 na arewa, ana iya samun albarkatun kwalabe a mafi yawan wuraren tsaunuka waɗanda suka dace da yanayin ƙasa da yanayin yanayi. Misali, Portugal, Spain, kudancin kasar Faransa, da tsaunukan Qinba dake kasata, kudu maso yammacin Henan, Aljeriya, da sauransu.
Portugal ce ta farko a duniya wajen fitar da kwalabe kuma ana kiranta da "Mulkin Cork" saboda yanayinta na musamman na Bahar Rum, wanda ya dace da haɓakar albarkatun toka. A lokaci guda, Portugal ita ce ta farko a duniya wajen haɓaka albarkatun toshe, fitar da albarkatun ƙasa, da zurfin sarrafa kayayyaki. daya daga cikin kasashen. Noman softwood na Aljeriya yana cikin sahun gaba a duniya.
Tsaunukan Qinba da ke Shaanxi, ƙasata, su ma suna da wadatar albarkatun toka, wanda ya kai fiye da kashi 50% na albarkatun kutse na ƙasar. Saboda haka, Shaanxi da aka sani da "Cork Capital" a cikin masana'antu. Dogaro da wannan fa'idar albarkatu, manyan masana'antun kwalabe na gida sun fi mayar da hankali a nan.
Cork ya ƙunshi sel masu lebur da yawa waɗanda aka tsara su radially. Ramin tantanin halitta yakan ƙunshi resin da tannin mahadi, kuma sel suna cike da iska. Saboda haka, abin toshe kwalaba sau da yawa yana launin launi, haske da taushi, na roba, ba zai iya jurewa ba, ba zai iya jurewa da tasirin sinadarai ba, kuma shi ne rashin wutar lantarki, zafi da sauti. Ya ƙunshi matattun sel masu gefe 14 waɗanda aka jera su da radially daga juna a cikin tsari mai siffar hexagonal priism. Yawan diamita na tantanin halitta shine microns 30 kuma kauri tantanin halitta shine microns 1 zuwa 2. Akwai ducts tsakanin sel. Wurin da ke tsakanin sel guda biyu da ke kusa yana kunshe ne da yadudduka 5, biyu daga cikinsu suna da fibrous, sannan sai yadudduka biyu masu ɗorewa, da wani katako a tsakiya. Akwai fiye da sel miliyan 50 a kowace centimita cubic 1. .
hali
Wannan tsari yana sa fatar ƙugiya ta kasance mai kyau sosai, rufewa, zafi mai zafi, sautin murya, wutar lantarki da juriya. Bugu da ƙari, ba mai guba ba ne, marar wari, ƙananan ƙananan nauyi, mai laushi ga taɓawa, kuma ba sauki a kama wuta ba. Har yanzu ba shi da samfuran da mutum ya yi daidai da su. Dangane da kaddarorin sinadarai, cakuda ester da aka samu ta hanyar acid fatty acid da yawa da phenolic acid wani siffa ce ta abin toshe kwalaba, wanda ake kira suberin tare.
Irin wannan kayan yana da juriya ga lalata da harin sinadarai. Saboda haka, ban da kasancewa mai lalata ga mai mai da hankali acid, sulfuric acid, chlorine, aidin, da dai sauransu, ba shi da tasirin sinadarai a kan ruwa, mai, man fetur, Organic acid, salts, esters, da dai sauransu. Yana da fadi da kewayon. amfani, kamar masu dakatar da kwalabe, rufin yadudduka na kayan firiji, buoys na rayuwa, bangarorin murhun sauti, da sauransu.
Kayayyaki
①Kayan ƙugiya na halitta. Bayan dafa abinci, laushi da bushewa, ana yanke shi kai tsaye, a buga shi, a juya shi da sauran hanyoyin da ake gamawa kamar su filogi, pads, kayan aikin hannu da sauransu.
② Kayan kwalabe da aka toya. Abubuwan da suka rage na kayan ƙwanƙwasa ana murƙushe su kuma ana matsa su zuwa sifofi, ana gasa su a cikin tanda a zafin jiki na 260 zuwa 316 ° C na awa 1 zuwa 1.5, sannan a sanyaya su cikin bulo na kwalabe don ƙarancin zafin jiki. Hakanan ana iya kera ta ta hanyar dumama tururi mai zafi.
③ Abubuwan da aka yi da siminti. Cork lafiya barbashi suna gauraye da foda da adhesives (kamar guduro, roba) da kuma guga man a cikin siminti kwalaba kayayyakin, kamar bene veneers, sauti rufi alluna, zafi rufi alluna, da dai sauransu, wanda aka yadu amfani a cikin Aerospace, jiragen ruwa, inji. gini, da sauransu.
④ Abubuwan roba na Cork. An yi shi da foda abin toshe a matsayin albarkatun kasa kuma kusan 70% abun ciki na roba. Yana da compressibility na abin toshe kwalaba da kuma elasticity na roba. Ana amfani da shi galibi azaman ƙaramin inganci mara ƙarfi da matsakaicin matsatsi mai ƙarfi don injuna, da sauransu, kuma ana iya amfani da shi azaman anti-seismic, rufin sauti, kayan gogayya, da sauransu.